Discapacidad visual y ceguera en el adulto: Revisión de tema
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La discapacidad visual y la ceguera ocupan el primero o segundo tipo de discapacidad humana con mayor prevalencia mundial, y se definen en la actualidad por medio de cinco categorías del deterioro visual. La modificación del término baja visión, incluye las ametropías como causas fundamentales de discapacidad visual, y amplía los panoramas etiológicos y diagnóstico. Los cambios epidemiológicos modernos han modificado la etiología del deterioro visual en el adulto, y explican que la discapacidad visual y ceguera en los adultos, las causas más frecuentes son adquirida, no infecciosa o progresiva, y se acompaña de múltiples factores de riesgo y de entidades nosológicas sistémicas, que tienen la capacidad de generar discapacidad múltiple y varios déficit oculares. Un adecuado conocimiento epidemiológico y etiológico es el primer eslabón para ejecutar un buen manejo clínico, orientado a acciones de prevención, promoción, diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación de la discapacidad visual y ceguera a través de diferentes profesionales de la salud.
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